Apparatus, system, and method for blockchain tracking of spooled additive manufacturing print material

ABSTRACT

Apparatuses, systems and methods to track use of print filament wound on a print spool on a printer in an additive manufacturing print. Included are: an identifier associated with the print spool; a network ledger comprising at least the identifier, prior ones of the plurality of additive manufacturing prints using the 3D print filament, and authorized ones of the at least one printer acceptable to run enhanced print algorithms during ones of the plurality of additive manufacturing prints; a confirmation block in the ledger of a sufficient amount of the print filament on the print spool to execute a current one of the plurality of manufacturing prints; a controller for executing the current one of the plurality of manufacturing prints including the enhanced print algorithms; and an update block generator for generating an update block to the ledger confirming the amount of the print filament used corresponded to the identifier.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application claims benefit of priority to InternationalApplication No. PCT/US2021/051553, filed Sep. 22, 2021, entitledAPPARATUS, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR BLOCKCHAIN TRACKING OF SPOOLED ADDITIVEMANUFACTURING PRINT MATERIALS, which claims the benefit of priority toU.S. Provisional Application No. 63/081,527, filed Sep. 22, 2020,entitled APPARATUS, SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR BLOCKCHAIN TRACKING OFSPOOLED ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING PRINT MATERIAL, the entirety of which isincorporated herein by reference as if set forth in its entirety.

BACKGROUND Field of the Disclosure

Embodiments disclosed herein relate to additive manufacturing, and, moreparticularly, to blockchain tracking of spooled additive manufacturingprint material.

Description of the Background

In the 3D printing art, such as fused filament fabrication (FFF), forexample, a feed material (commonly a polymer) is liquefied or partiallyliquefied in a hot end of a nozzle. The nozzle is then moved around abuild surface in the x and y axes directions, to build layers in the zaxis to form the print build. That is, as the nozzle moves about in thex and y directions (i.e., parallel to the build surface) pursuant to anelectronic print plan uploaded to the printer, the liquefied feedmaterial is deposited and solidifies upon a reduction in temperatureinto the build. Each finite amount of deposited liquid material istypically held together with the previous finite amount of depositedliquid material by physical entanglement. This is possible because thepreviously deposited material and the newly deposited material are bothin the liquid or softened state when the surface area of the twodeposited layers meet.

Note that different additive manufacturing platforms might havedifferent item creation capabilities, and that these capabilities maydepend, in part, on the print filament or print material used. Moreover,the different item creation capabilities might require or benefit fromdifferent item definition files and/or different engineering models,i.e., from different print algorithms and variables, some of which maybe proprietary and which also may depend upon the type of print filamentor material provided.

Thus, it is often the case that characteristics of the print material,such as a print filament, must be known to the electronic print plansuch that the proper printing capabilities and/or algorithms are usedwith the proper print filament. However, in the current state of theart, any identification of a print filament is performed by placing anidentification on the spool that holds the print filament. Suchidentification on the spool may include, by way of example, a radiofrequency identification (“RFID”) tag, a bar code, or a QR code.However, this identification of the spool does nothing to insure thatthe print filament on the spool actually has the characteristics it ispurported to have. For example, filament may be respooled after theinitially spooled filament is exhausted, without change to the initialspool identification.

A blockchain is a growing list of records, referred to as “blocks”, thatare linked together using cryptographic techniques. Each block containsa cryptographic hash of the previous block, a timestamp, and dataregarding the transaction represented by the block. Blocks thus holdbatches of valid transactions that are hashed and encoded.

A blockchain is resistant to modification of the data represented. Morespecifically, blockchain is an open, distributed ledger that can recordtransactions between two parties efficiently and in a verifiable andpermanent way.

As a distributed ledger, a blockchain is typically managed by apeer-to-peer network collectively adhering to a protocol for inter-nodecommunication and validation of new blocks. By storing data across itspeer-to-peer network, the blockchain eliminates a number of risks thatcome with data being held centrally. For example, once recorded, thedata in any given block cannot be altered retroactively withoutalteration of all subsequent blocks, which requires consensus of thepeer network. Decentralized consensus is therefore provided byblockchain.

The decentralization of blockchain allows the participants to verify andaudit transactions independently and relatively inexpensively. The useof a blockchain can remove the characteristic of infinitereproducibility from either a digital asset, or an actual assetrepresented by the data in the blockchain. Blockchain can confirm thateach unit of value was transferred only once, solving the long-standingproblem of double spending.

Blockchain security methods include the use of public-key orpublic/private-key cryptography. The public key is an address on theblockchain. The private key may be a password that gives its owneraccess to their particular digital assets or capabilities on theblockchain. Because of the cryptography and the decentralization ofcontrol, data stored on the blockchain is thus generally consideredincorruptible.

Typical uses for blockchain at present include, but are not limited to:bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies; financial and business transactions;and supply chain for product manufacturing. Of course, new uses forblockchain are being constantly developed.

It would therefore be desirable to provide systems and methods to bettertrack the use and propriety of additive manufacturing print materialsusing a secure and highly reliable tracking method that is substantiallyincorruptible.

SUMMARY

The disclosed exemplary apparatuses, systems and methods to track use ofa 3D print filament wound on a print spool on at least one printer in aplurality of additive manufacturing prints. The apparatus, system, andmethod may include: an identifier associated with the print spool; anetwork connection between the at least one printer and at least onenetwork ledger, the network ledger comprising at least the identifier,prior ones of the plurality of additive manufacturing prints using the3D print filament, and authorized ones of the at least one printeracceptable to run enhanced print algorithms during ones of the pluralityof additive manufacturing prints; a confirmation block in the ledger ofa sufficient amount of the print filament on the print spool to executea plan for a current one of the plurality of manufacturing prints; acontroller for executing the current one of the plurality ofmanufacturing prints including the enhanced print algorithms inaccordance with the confirmation block; and an update block generatorfor generating an update block to the ledger confirming at leastexecution of the current one of the plurality of manufacturing prints bythe at least one printer using the enhanced print algorithms, and theamount of the print filament used, each corresponded to the identifier.

Therefore, the embodiments provide systems and methods to better trackthe use and propriety of additive manufacturing print materials using asecure and highly reliable tracking method that is substantiallyincorruptible.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The disclosure is provided by the text herein, as well as theaccompanying drawings, in which like numerals may represent likeelements, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a high-level block diagram of a system according toembodiments;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an entity interacting with the blockchainledger;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of certain embodiments; and

FIG. 4 illustrates a diagram of embodiments.

FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram of embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The figures and descriptions provided herein may have been simplified toillustrate aspects that are relevant for a clear understanding of theherein described devices, systems, and methods, while eliminating, forthe purpose of clarity, other aspects that may be found in typicalsimilar devices, systems, and methods. Those of ordinary skill mayrecognize that other elements and/or operations may be desirable and/ornecessary to implement the devices, systems, and methods describedherein. But because such elements and operations are well known in theart, and because they do not facilitate a better understanding of thepresent disclosure, a discussion of such elements and operations may notbe provided herein. However, the present disclosure is deemed toinherently include all such elements, variations, and modifications tothe described aspects that would be known to those of ordinary skill inthe art.

Embodiments are provided throughout so that this disclosure issufficiently thorough and fully conveys the scope of the disclosedembodiments to those who are skilled in the art. Numerous specificdetails are set forth, such as examples of specific components, devices,and methods, to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of thepresent disclosure. Nevertheless, it will be apparent to those skilledin the art that certain specific disclosed details need not be employed,and that embodiments may be embodied in different forms. As such, theembodiments should not be construed to limit the scope of thedisclosure.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularexample embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. Forexample, as used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” may beintended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearlyindicates otherwise. The terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “including,”and “having,” are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of statedfeatures, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, butdo not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features,integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groupsthereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described hereinare not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance inthe particular order discussed or illustrated, unless specificallyidentified as an order of performance. It is also to be understood thatadditional or alternative steps may be employed.

When an element or layer is referred to as being “on”, “engaged to”,“connected to” or “coupled to” another element or layer, it may bedirectly on, engaged, connected or coupled to the other element orlayer, or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast,when an element is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly engagedto”, “directly connected to” or “directly coupled to” another element orlayer, there may be no intervening elements or layers present. Otherwords used to describe the relationship between elements should beinterpreted in a like fashion (e.g., “between” versus “directlybetween,” “adjacent” versus “directly adjacent,” etc.). As used herein,the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more ofthe associated listed items.

Although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used herein todescribe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections,these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should notbe limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguishone element, component, region, layer or section from another element,component, region, layer or section. That is, terms such as “first,”“second,” and other numerical terms, when used herein, do not imply asequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a firstelement, component, region, layer or section discussed below could betermed a second element, component, region, layer or section withoutdeparting from the teachings of the exemplary embodiments.

Processor-implemented modules and print systems are disclosed hereinthat may provide access to and transformation of a plurality of types ofdigital content, including but not limited to print plans and datastreams, and the algorithms applied herein may track, deliver,manipulate, transform, transceive and report the accessed content.Described embodiments of these modules, apps, systems and methods areintended to be exemplary and not limiting.

An exemplary computing processing system for use in association with theembodiments, by way of non-limiting example, is capable of executingsoftware, such as an operating system (OS), applications/apps, userinterfaces, and/or one or more other computing algorithms, such as theprint recipes, algorithms, decisions, models, programs and subprogramsdiscussed herein. The operation of the exemplary processing system iscontrolled primarily by non-transitory computer readableinstructions/code, such as instructions stored in a computer readablestorage medium, such as hard disk drive (HDD), optical disk, solid statedrive, or the like. Such instructions may be executed within the centralprocessing unit (CPU) to cause the system to perform the disclosedoperations. In many known computer servers, workstations, mobiledevices, personal computers, and the like, CPU is implemented in anintegrated circuit called a processor.

It is appreciated that, although the exemplary processing system maycomprise a single CPU, such description is merely illustrative, as theprocessing system may comprise a plurality of CPUs. As such, thedisclosed system may exploit the resources of remote CPUs through acommunications network or some other data communications means.

In operation, CPU fetches, decodes, and executes instructions from acomputer readable storage medium. Such instructions may be included insoftware. Information, such as computer instructions and other computerreadable data, is transferred between components of the system via thesystem's main data-transfer path.

In addition, the processing system may contain a peripheralcommunications controller and bus, which is responsible forcommunicating instructions from CPU to, and/or receiving data from,peripherals, such as 3D printers and/or the operator interactionelements to formulate a print, as discussed herein throughout. Anexample of a peripheral bus is the Peripheral Component Interconnect(PCI) bus that is well known in the pertinent art.

An operator display/graphical user interface (GUI) may be used todisplay visual output and/or presentation data generated by or at therequest of processing system, such as responsive to operation of theaforementioned computing programs/applications. Such visual output mayinclude text, graphics, animated graphics, and/or video, for example.

Further, the processing system may contain a network adapter which maybe used to couple to an external communication network, which mayinclude or provide access to the Internet, an intranet, an extranet, orthe like. Communications network may provide access for processingsystem with means of communicating and transferring software andinformation electronically. Network adaptor may communicate to and fromthe network using any available wired or wireless technologies. Suchtechnologies may include, by way of non-limiting example, cellular,Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, infrared, or the like.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example system 100 usableto implement the aspects described herein. As shown in FIG. 1 , thesystem 100 includes multiple entities 102(1), 102(2), 102(3), 102(4),102(5), 102(6), . . . 102(N) (collectively referred to herein asentities 102) which are in communication with an additive manufacturingprint material generating platform 104 (sometimes referred to simply as“the platform 104”) and a data store 106 that is at least partiallyassociated with a blockchain ledger 114, such as via one or more wiredand/or wireless networks. By way of example and not limitation, thenetworks may comprise cable networks (e.g., cable television and/orinternet networks), telephone networks (e.g., wired and/or cellular),satellite networks (e.g., satellite television networks), local areanetworks (e.g., Ethernet, wifi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, etc.), fiber opticnetworks, or any other network or networks capable of transmitting databetween and among the entities 102, the platform 104, and/or the datastore 106. The network(s) 131 may be or include a collection ofindividual networks interconnected with each other and functioning as asingle large network (e.g., the Internet or an intranet).

The entities 102 in this example are representative of parties that useand/or provide products or services based upon the print material 104 agenerated from platform 104. By way of example and not limitation, eachof the entities 102 may represent one or more designers, customers,printer owners, printer manufacturers, computer aided design (CAD)software companies, traditional manufacturers, shippers, post processingservice providers, finishing service providers, assemblers, bricks andmortar merchants, fulfillment companies, or the like. Each entity 102may fit a single role (e.g., customer) or multiple roles (e.g., aprinter owner who also provides post processing, finishing, and assemblyservices). Each entity 102 in this example includes at least onecomputing device 102 a on site, including one or more processors,memory, and one or more communication connections by which the computingdevice(s) of the respective entity may communicate over the network.These computing devices 102 a are capable of printing from an electronicprint plan, wherein this print plan may take into account printcapabilities indicated by the print material and the on-site printer 102a. Moreover, this print plan may include an indication of the build thatis executed therefrom. The on-site computer 102 a may form part of theprinter on-site, or may be communicatively associated with the on-siteprinter.

The data store 106 represents network accessible storage usable to storevarious data and information, such as may form part of one or moreblocks in ledger 114. By way of example and not limitation, the datastore 106 may comprise a data store specific to the print material 104a, such as type, generator 104, uses, licenses, or particularcharacteristics, by way of non-limiting example; identification of thespool 104 b associated therewith; any proprietary algorithms orvariables associated with that print material on that spool (such as maybe uniquely tied to printers having certain characteristics) 104 c; arepository of product designs/models executed using that print material104 d; times and locations of prior builds using that print material;product specifications 104 e; part or item models; packaging models; orcombinations thereof. While only one data store 106 is shown in FIG. 1 ,in practice any number of one or more data stores may be included in thesystem 100 and/or accessible to the platform 104 and to the ledger 114.

In some examples, product specifications may include a description offeatures, characteristics, and requirements of a product that a customerdesires to have designed and/or manufactured. In some examples, productspecifications may additionally or alternatively include engineeringdrawings, renderings, sketches, blue prints, material specifications, orother information related to the design and/or manufacture of theproduct.

In the illustrated example, one or more distributed ledgers 114, i.e.,blockchains, may be used to record various transactions, execute smartcontracts, and/or perform other operations conducted in relation to theprint material 104 a on spool 104 b, as discussed throughout. While asingle common ledger 114 is shown in this example for simplicity, insome examples multiple different ledgers may be used in connection withthe print material 104. For example, different ledgers may be used fordifferent industries (e.g., an automotive ledger, a medical deviceledger, a consumer products ledger, or a military ledger, etc.),different ledgers may be used for different licensees, different ledgersmay be used for different roles (e.g., a customer ledger or amanufacturer ledger), and/or different ledgers may be used for differentauthorizations. The ledger 114 may be public key or public/private key.By way of example, the ledger 114 may be publicly accessible and maycomprise a common public ledger of blockchained transactions performedby entities 102 using print material 104 a.

In a simplified example, data store 106 may include a print filamentassociated with an identifier of a print spool; a time, place, andamount of filament used for a given print build; the print plan for theprint build; and a key to unlock certain capabilities of particularprinters in which that particular filament is used. The printer 109 tobe used to execute the print plan on behalf of an entity, and whetherthat printer 109 is authorized to use, and/or did use, the uniquelyavailable capabilities indicated by proprietary algorithms, may also bestored to data store 106. The data store 106 for that filament, and forthat particular use of that particular filament, may then be used toupdate the blockchain ledger 114 to, among other features, track the useof that filament on that spool, and of any proprietary algorithmsassociated therewith.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example computing device500 of an entity 102 of FIG. 1 (which may be included in printer 109 ofFIG. 1 , or which may be communicatively associated with printer 109),such as an additive manufacturer. The computing device operates incommunication with the decentralized blockchain ledger 114 shown in FIG.1 . The computing device 500 comprises one or more processors 502,memory 504, and network connections 506.

The memory 504 stores one or more applications 508 and proprietary printalgorithms 508 a. The network connections 506 may enable one or morecommunication protocols for peer-to-peer file sharing (“P2P”) and logicand interfaces usable to distribute data and electronic files over thenetwork to one or more other entities 102. The applications 508 may alsoimplement a distributed data store. The applications 508 may beconfigured to write to a distributed ledger 516. The proprietaryalgorithms 508 a may be made available to the applications 508, and moreparticularly the print characteristics of the applications 508, onlyupon one or more verifications made based upon the existing data storein ledger 516.

The computing device 500 may include one or more controllers 518configured to control one or more 3D printers 520(1), 520(2), . . .520(P), where P is any integer greater than or equal to 1. The printer520 may include any type of additive manufacturing printer, but may, inalternative embodiments, be other types of machine that may applyproprietary algorithms to finite manufacturing materials, including,without limitation, machines for molding (e.g., injection molding, blowmolding, etc.), casting (e.g., sand casting, etc.), forming (e.g.,shearing, stamping, punching, etc.), joining (e.g., welding, brazing,soldering, etc.), finishing (e.g., deburring, sanding, polishing,knurling, sand blasting, etc.), post processing (e.g., annealing,quenching, cryogenically freezing, painting, powder coating, plating,etc.), classical printing (i.e., ink jet printing, laser printing,etc.), and the like.

The computing device 500 may execute from memory 506 one or moreprint/build plans 522. The print/build plan 522 may be updated to theblockchain ledger 516, and the sufficiency of remaining print materialto execute the print plan 522 confirmed, such as by analysis of theledger 516 by controller 518. The print plan 522 may then be executed byprinter 520 in accordance with print application 508, which may (or maynot) have access to particular algorithm(s) 508 a in executing the printplan 522, such as based on the analysis of prior print data 104 d/104 e.Thereafter, the amount of print material used, the time/place of print,the printer type, the entity, the use of proprietary algorithms, and oneor more aspects of the print plan may be updated to the blockchainledger 516.

As will be appreciated by the skilled artist, various different grades,types, compositions, and the like, of spooled filament is available for3D printing. As illustrated in FIG. 3 , it is typical that, either byautomated sensing or manual data entry 302 a, b, the printer 304discussed throughout (109/502) is aware of the general characteristicsof a filament 306 fed into the printer's print head, such as by filamenttype, composition, size, and so on.

Additionally, it will be appreciated that a 3D print is made of avariety of two-dimensional layers, wherein each layer is printed uponthe previous letter in the Z-axis, and each layer is printed viamovement of the print head, and the X-Y axis. Moreover, the speed atwhich the print head moves is dependent upon changes in temperature ofthe heated filament; that is, in order to allow for faster print speeds,the temperature of the filament may be hotter so that the filament flowsbetter to enable the necessary refinements of the print. Accordingly, itis often the case that a 3D print plan 310, when fed to a printer,constitutes a series of X-Y movements 312 and a temperature 314 for eachtwo-dimensional layer, turn, angle, speed change, etc., of a print 310.However, as referenced above, the print file 310 additionally usesinformation regarding the filament 306 to assess the ability of theprinter to maintain certain temperatures, make certain movements, printcertain details, and the like as indicated by the print file 310.

Accordingly, the embodiments may include not only a material 306 havinga certain type, composition, and the like, but a unique matching of eachprint spool material 306 with algorithms and available variables 330 forthat print material. Thereafter, the providing of this print material306 to a proprietary printer 304 that understands the aforesaidalgorithms and variables 330 matched to that print material 306 mayallow for enhanced capabilities for that printer 304 to print accordingto the print plan 310 with that print material 306. By way of example, aproprietary filament 306 placed into a proprietary printer 304 having“knowledge” of the unique proprietary algorithms 330 for that specificfilament 306 may run faster than that filament may be run in otherprinters, at least because an indication of the proprietary filamentallows for knowledge on the part of the proprietary printer of themaximum capabilities, as evidenced in the algorithms 330, which thatspecific printer may perform when matched with that filament.

It is generally unlikely that the necessary identification of a materialto allow for matching of that material with proprietary algorithms andvariables can be assigned directly on the material. Rather, it would betypical that the material on a print spool would be identified byidentifying aspects associated with the print spool, rather than theprint material itself. In the known art, identification of print schoolshas limited usefulness, at least because there is no manner in whichre-spooling of different material onto a previously identified printspool can be avoided. Thus, the use and the known art of RFID, barcodes, QR codes, and the like, to identify a print spool, and to therebyidentify the material associated with the print spool, has very limitedapplicability.

To remedy the foregoing drawbacks of the known art, the embodimentsinclude the herein discussed block chain validation of not only theprint spool, but the prior uses of the print spool, and hence of thefilament thereon, as well, as illustrated in FIG. 4 . That is, at leastthe identification 402 of the print spool 404 may be associated with there-writable block chain 406. Moreover, the identification 402 may beassociated in the blockchain 406 (114/516) with a variety ofalgorithms/variables 410 that may enhance print capabilities forauthorized prints and/or printers, such as is discussed throughout.

When the print spool 404 is thereafter associated with a printer 414,the printer reads the print spool 404, validates the prior uses of thatspool 404 based on its identification 402 as evidenced by data 445 inthe block chain 406, identifies whether any acceptable filament 425 isremaining on the print spool based on the prior uses, and, if so,unlocks any available algorithms and variables 410 associated with thatremaining print filament 425, runs the print file 435 associated withthe upcoming print, and then updates the re-writable block chain 406 toidentify the amount of the print material 425 that has been used fromthe identified print spool.

As such, the spool will “expire”, as indicated by the re-writable blockchain tracking of that spool, either after a given timeframe or upon useof all print material associated with the spool. For example, theinitial identification to the re-writable block chain may certify that25 kg of material is associated with the print spool. As such, based onthe reading, validation, and unlocking set forth above, once the 25 kgis updated as fully used, the block chain will expire that spool, andthus the identification associated with that spool, such that the spoolmay not be reused—in short, filament cannot be re-spooled onto the spoolin order to obtain access to the desired algorithms and variables thatare associated with the proprietary meeting of the print filament to theproprietary printer. Moreover, because of the use of the private—publickey encryption, wherein the print machine holds the public, key, whenthe pool expires, the certification of the material also expires.Accordingly, the printer running said print plan will stop providing theenhanced capabilities, such as running at higher speed, until aproprietary print spool made it to the proprietary printer is used toreplace the expired print spool.

As such, no use may be made to obtain the enhanced printing capabilitiesof counterfeit or re-spooled print filament. This is the case becausesuch counterfeit or re-spooled print filament will be associated with aspool that either lacks proper block chain identification, or that isassociated with an expired block chain identifier.

Yet further and in accordance with alternative ones of the embodiments,a re-writable memory may be associated directly with the spool, such asto serve, in part, as the identifier 402. Thereby, the identification ofthe spool, and or the block chain associated therewith, may be erasedand rewritten, such as based on return of an empty spool and re-spoolingof filament onto that spool by an authorized party.

It goes without saying that the disclosed block chain tracking may notonly provide information on the use of a certain amount of filament ineach print case. Rather, the block chain may include all history of theprint material associated with the spool, such as including what wasprinted, a print plan employed, a location of the print, a time of theprint, a controlling party of the print, the algorithms and variablesemployed during the print, enhance print capabilities used during theprint, and so on.

Therefore, print processes may be drastically improved through the useof the embodiments. For example, writing errors, including those inwhich the print filament is mismatched to the print plan or the printer,are minimized Additionally, the embodiments provide traceability ofprinting errors. Yet further, the use of miss graded or under gradedprint filaments for particular prints is avoided—for example, the nonuseof medical graded print materials in a medical device print will beevident from the block chain history usage of that print spool. Inshort, highly substantial data analysis for all print material on allprint spools may be afforded by the embodiments, at least because theblock chain usage of all filaments and all print spools on all printswill be evident in the re-writable block chain provided in theembodiments.

It will also be evident to the skilled artisan that certain commercialaspects are greatly improved through the use of the embodiments. Forexample, a license to use print material for certain prints, or certainpurposes, or in certain printers need not be subjected to a licensingaudit. That is, a certification may be provided for the use of 50 kg ofprint, material, and the block chain will not support certification ofthe print algorithms, variables, enhanced capabilities, or materialbeyond that certification.

Such commercial improvements are provided because of the self-validatingnature of the re-writable block chain associated with and identifiableprint spool. That is, licenses, royalty base systems, time basedlicenses, and the like may be certified using the system provided in theembodiments, without the need to audit usage at any place or any time.

Of note, the embodiments may use a validating computer instead of or inaddition to the printer, and the printer may communicate with such acomputer via wireless networking, remote networking, or the like, aswill be appreciated by the skilled artisan. Additionally, andalternatively, various of the functionality discussed throughout may bepresent in a re-writable memory associated with the spool, based onalgorithms stored within the printer, or comparison to known informationon a validating computer stationed either locally or remotely.

The disclosed embodiments can provide a powerful traceability tool formany industries by tracking data at each step in a production process.FIG. 5 shows a block chain tracking system 500. A purchase order block501 may, for example, be generated by an additive lab and may containone or more of the following pieces of data: purchase order number(s)(PO#), part number(s), material number(s), quantities, and/or duedate(s). A packing slip block 502 may be generated, for example, by afilament original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and may contain one ormore of the following pieces of data: customer purchase order number(s),part number(s), material number(s), lot number(s), and/or trackingnumber(s). A shipment tracking block 503 may be generated, for example,by a shipper and may contain one or more of the following pieces ofdata: tracking number(s), scheduled pick-up date(s), and/or scanpoint(s). A receiving tracking block 504 may be generated, for example,by an additive lab and may contain one or more of the following piecesof data: part material(s), lot number(s), and/or date(s) received. Amaterial loading block 505 may be generated, for example, by an additivelab and may contain one or more of the following pieces of data: printeridentification(s) (ID's), material identification(s), spoolidentification(s), date(s) loaded, and/or operator identification(s). Aprint job loading block 506 may be generated, for example, by anadditive lab and may contain one or more of the following pieces ofdata: printer identification(s), operator(s) identification, engineer(s)identification, date(s) loaded, and/or print job identification(s). Aprint job execution block 507 may be generated, for example, by anadditive lab and may contain one or more of the following pieces ofdata: print job identification(s), job start timestamp(s), job endtimestamp(s), and/or status(s). A post processing block 508 may begenerated, for example, by an additive lab and may contain one or moreof the following pieces of data: print job identification and/or status.A quality control block 509 may be generated, for example, by anadditive lab and may contain one or more of the following pieces ofdata: print job identification(s) and/or status(s). A packing slip block510 may be generated, for example, by an additive lab and may containone or more of the following pieces of data: customer purchase ordernumber(s), part number(s), material number(s), lot number(s), and/ortracking number(s). A shipment tracking block 511 may be generated, forexample, by a shipper and may contain one or more of the followingpieces of data: tracking number(s), scheduled pick up date(s), and/orscan point(s). A shipment received block 512 may be generated, forexample, by a customer and may include one or more of the followingpieces of data: tracking number(s), delivered date(s), and/or thename(s) of recipient(s).

Print job loading block 506 may receive data from a product datamanagement/product lifecycle management (PDM/PLM) system 513. PDM/PLMsystem 513 may define machine, process, and/or material parameters to beused in a print. Print job instruction data 514 may include machine,process, and/or material parameters.

The blocks in block chain tracking system 500 may include any data thatis be deemed to be a critical quality parameter. For example, blocks mayinclude one or more of the following data that may be critical toquality (critical to quality parameters—CTQ's): temperature settings,measured temperature values, print settings, raw material type(s), rawmaterial origin(s), raw material expiration date(s), operator name(s),starting and ending date(s) of each step, starting and ending time(s) ofeach step, cooling rates, heating rates, time a part spends in atumbler, temperature of tumbler, speed (revolutions per minute) of atumbler, machine types, cumulative time at each step, print settings,mechanical properties of raw materials, tools used at each step, and anyother information that is deemed to be critical. By documenting andproviding an accurate and comprehensive device history, the block chaintracking system 500 may be extremely useful for tracking and documentingcritical parts (such as parts used in regulated industries), forexample, parts that will be implanted into people's bodies or used inairplanes/aviation. The block chain tracking system 500 may be used toprevent counterfeit parts from being used by an end user and it may beused to prevent parts that do not meet specification from being used byan end user. The block chain tracking system 500 may be used in othermanufacturing processes that include one or more of the following:injection molding processes, computer numerical control (CNC) machiningprocesses, additive manufacturing processes, surface mount technology(SMT) processes, and other manufacturing processes.

Parts may be laser marked as they travel through a production process toensure that the process was followed. In this way, an embodimentprovides a digital traveler (a traveler is the paperwork that “travels”with a part as it moves through a production process).

The aforementioned embodiments provide a powerful tool for forensicanalysis. For example, a doctor treating a patient with a painful hipimplant (or other patient specific implant, facial implant, etc.) wouldbe able to review the entire history of the hip implant (or otherimplant) to determine whether the hip implant (or other implant) maycontain manufacturing defects that could be causing the patient's pain.The doctor would be able to trace the hip implant (or other implant) allthe way back to the source of the metal that was used to produce theimplant and would know which vendor supplied the metal, how the metalpowder was stored, who loaded the metal onto a machine, how the metalwas loaded, how long the metal was stored, whether proper productionprocedures were followed, etc. Other critical part applications, such asaviation and other regulated industries, would similarly benefit fromthe disclosed embodiments.

Moreover, it will be understood that the spool may be returned followingusage, as referenced above. Alternatively, the memory tag, oridentification, associated with the spool may be returned after completeexhaustion of the filament thereon, such as to allow for reuse of thememory tag or identification associated with the spool. The embodimentsmay be used for other consumables. In addition to the 3D principlediscussed throughout. For example, ink print cartridges may be trackedin the same manner as discussed throughout, thereby preventingcounterfeit or refilling of ink print cartridges with aftermarket ink.

In the foregoing detailed description, it may be that various featuresare grouped together in individual embodiments for the purpose ofbrevity in the disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to beinterpreted as reflecting an intention that any subsequently claimedembodiments require more features than are expressly recited.

Further, the descriptions of the disclosure are provided to enable anyperson skilled in the art to make or use the disclosed embodiments.Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent tothose skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein maybe applied to other variations without departing from the spirit orscope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to belimited to the examples and designs described herein, but rather is tobe accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novelfeatures disclosed herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system to track use of a 3D print filament wound on a print spool on at least one printer in a plurality of additive manufacturing prints, comprising: an identifier associated with the print spool; a network connection between the at least one printer and at least one network ledger, the network ledger comprising at least the identifier, prior ones of the plurality of additive manufacturing prints using the 3D print filament, and authorized ones of the at least one printer acceptable to run enhanced print algorithms during ones of the plurality of additive manufacturing prints; a confirmation block in the ledger of a sufficient amount of the print filament on the print spool to execute a plan for a current one of the plurality of manufacturing prints; a controller for executing the current one of the plurality of manufacturing prints including the enhanced print algorithms in accordance with the confirmation block; and an update block generator for generating an update block to the ledger confirming at least execution of the current one of the plurality of manufacturing prints by the at least one printer using the enhanced print algorithms, and the amount of the print filament used, each corresponded to the identifier. 